71 9Data Description•Thenumberofordinarymotorvehiclesismorethanthatoflightmotorvehiclesandthatofsmalltrucks,sinceonly19.3%ofhouseholdsdonotownthem.•Thenumberofsmalltrucksisthesmallestamongthreetypesofvehicles,since91.7%ofhouseholdsdonotownanysmalltrucks.Figure 11 Ownership of three different vehicles63.4%19.3%91.7%31.0%46.0%7.8%5.6%34.7%0.5%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%Light motor vehiclesOrdinary motor vehiclesSmall trucks01>=210Model Specification•Onetrivariateorderedprobitmodelisproposedinthisstudytomodelthetypeandownershipforthreedifferentvehiclesinoneframework.•ThisproposedmodelisestimatedbytheGibbsSampleralgorithm.(Greene,2011)The seemingly unrelated regression form:Unknown parametersUnknown parameters*iiiyx=+Latent vector variables..~(0,)iidiTVN*1111Tiiiyx=+*2222Tiiiyx=+: Ownership of light motor vehicles: Ownership of ordinary motor vehiclesOrdered probit model: Ordered probit model: *3333Tiiiyx=+Ordered probit model: : Ownership of small trucks11Explanatory Variables•Thehouseholdspecificandneighborhoodattributesforhouseholdsinthepersontripsurveydataareusedinthisstudy.•Theincomedataisgeneratedbytheproposedorderedprobitinourpreviousstudy,sinceitisinvestigatedinthequestionnaire.•Thegeologicalvariablesarecalculatedbytheunitofthesmallzoneusedinthepersontripsurvey.NameDescriptionAge(dummy)1ifageofthehouseholderis60yearsoldorabove;0otherwise.WorkersNumberofworkersinthehouseholdMember25Numberoffamilymembersinthehousehold(>=25yearsold)Female(dummy)1ifsexofthehouseholderisfemale;0otherwise.Farmer(dummy)1ifoccupationofthehouseholderisfarmer;0otherwise.Annualincome(10millionJPY)Thehouseholdannualincomeisgeneratedbasedontheorderedprobitmodelinourpreviousstudy.Log(populationdensity)Thepopulationdensityiscalculatedbasedonthesmallzonelevelusedinthepersontripsurveydata.DensityofrailwaystationsThenumberofrailwaystationsdividesarea(unit:km2)basedonthesmallzonelevel.Theareaofthezonesiscomingfromthedigitalmap.Table 1 Explanatory variables in this proposed modelTable 2 Estimated parameters in the proposed model12Estimated Results•Explanatoryvariablesareestimatedwiththeexpectedsign.•Importantfactorsaffectingownershipofsmalltrucksareinvestigatedinthismodel.Explanatory variableParameterStandard varianceT-statisticNumberoflightmotorvehicles(0,1or>=2)[thresholdvalues:-0.431and0.431]:OrderedProbitModelAge60(dummy)-0.085**0.015-5.71Female(dummy)0.110**0.0176.39Member250.111**0.00912.01Workers0.052**0.0134.08Log(populationdensity)-0.061**0.005-11.65Densityofrailwaystations-0.0400.023-1.73Annualincome(10millionJPY)-0.0250.021-1.20Constant-0.520**0.044-11.75Numberofordinarymotorvehicles(0,1or>=2)[thresholdvalues:-0.431and0.431]:OrderedProbitModelAge60(dummy)-0.241**0.013-18.47Female(dummy)-0.059**0.015-4.00Member250.090**0.00810.65Workers0.189**0.01216.06Log(populationdensity)0.0060.0051.23Densityofrailwaystations-0.0160.020-0.79Annualincome(10millionJPY)0.061**0.0193.13Constant-0.326**0.040-8.13Numberofsmalltrucks(0,1or>=2)[thresholdvalues:-0.431and0.431]:OrderedProbitModelAge60(dummy)0.248**0.023 10.54 Female(dummy)-0.0410.026 -1.59 Member25-0.0250.014 -1.75 Workers0.135**0.019 7.11 Farmer(dummy)0.606**0.039 15.60 Log(populationdensity)-0.123**0.007 -16.82 Densityofrailwaystations0.104**0.033 3.18 Annualincome(10millionJPY)0.035 0.027 1.27 Constant-0.784**0.055 -14.30 Note:**Significantat1%level;*Significantat5%level.
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